ECONOMIC REVIEW

TRADE PERFORMANCE

Indonesia’s exports and imports in 2021 recorded a positive performance with a surplus of USD35.34 billion, with exports in 2021 reaching USD231.54 billion with a double-digit growth of 41.88% (YoY). The positive performance in 2021 was supported by a non-oil and gas trade balance that reached USD48.60 billion, offset by a large oil and gas trade balance deficit.

Downstreaming superior commodities, such as derivative products of Crude Palm Oil (CPO), succeeded in boosting Indonesia’s export performance. This can be seen in the export of animal/vegetable fats and oils (HS 15) that in 2021 reached USD32.83 billion, an increase of 58.48% (YoY). In addition to CPO, downstream nickel commodities also strengthened Indonesia’s export performance, with export growth of nickel and its derivatives (HS 75) growing by 58.89% (YoY) to USD 1.28 billion. Of the top 10 main export commodities, metal ores, slag and ash (HS 26) experienced the highest growth of 96.32% (YoY) to reach USD6.35 billion, followed by exports of iron and steel (HS 72) that rose significantly by 92.88% (YoY) to USD20.95 billion. (Source: Press Release of the Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia No: HM.4.6/20/ SET.M.EKON.3/1/2022).

ANALISIS INDUSTRI PELABUHAN

GLOBAL PORT TRENDS

There are currently eleven global trends in the port industry that can be divided into three main categories, as illustrated in following figure. The first is category of development ecosystem consists of consolidating port operators, forming shipping lines alliances to increase bargaining power, expanding shipping lines as terminal operators, as well as expanding port operators into logistics businesses. The second trend category is technological developments consist of sustainability efforts by terminal operators and shipping lines, adoption of smart ports in developed countries, and the increasing multimodal